![]() ![]() 1780-1890 – Surveyors used the compass and chain to trace lines. Survey Technology at a Glance The original compass & chain and the total station used in surveying work now. ![]() Who created the township and range system?įederal land surveys in Oklahoma began in 1870, when Ehud Darling, a professional surveyor of the West, established the initial reference point for the township and range grid for Indian Territory. Four thousand years ago, Egyptians used measuring ropes, plumb bobs, and other instruments to gauge the dimensions of plots of land. Land surveying is an ancient practice that dates back at least to 1,400 B.C., when the ancient Egyptians used land surveying for the taxation of land plots. What is the oldest method to survey land? Skilled surveyors can achieve accuracies of up to one part in 10,000 (1 centimeter error for every 100 meters distance). Distances along slopes are measured in short horizontal segments. To measure distances, land surveyors once used 100-foot long metal tapes that are graduated in hundredths of a foot. How did early surveyors measure distance? The boundary lines that run east-to-west, dividing North from South are called township lines. The township and range grid system is based upon subdivisions of a single township, which is a square parcel of land that is 36 square miles in area (6 miles North-South X 6 miles East-West). Each of these townships were sub-divided into thirty-six sections of one square mile (2.59 km²) or 640 acres. Land was systematically surveyed into square “Congressional” townships, six miles (9.656 km) on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 established the Public Land Survey System. When was the township and range system created? ![]()
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